| Horses are trained in a significant manner that might | | | | way for the food to be served. |
| not be exact to how other animals are trained. The | | | | Cause and Effect |
| reaction time or the response from an action is very | | | | Riding a horse follows the same logic. It doesn't matter |
| important. Therefore, teaching a horse may take very | | | | which action you are performing for the animal to go in |
| little time depending on how prompt the trainer is, or | | | | a certain direction. As long as the action is stopped |
| might take a long time if the trainer does not | | | | once the animal realizes which direction is being asked |
| understand the method of teaching the animal. | | | | for him to take by his rider, he will relate the two |
| Prompt Reaction | | | | together. |
| Horses only understand the concept of cause and | | | | Therefore, this action must be something that bothers |
| effect. However, the time lag between the cause and | | | | the horse. The rider might mean going forward by |
| its effect must not be too short. Otherwise, the horse | | | | pulling the rope at the horse's mouth, but the horse |
| cannot correlate one with the other. Therefore, if the | | | | might think that this is an indication for him to go |
| horse rings a bell one day to find that the trainer has | | | | backward. Therefore, this annoying action of pulling at |
| arrived with his meal, then he will relate the ringing of | | | | the animal's mouth needs to be continued till the animal |
| the bell with the arrival of the food. | | | | takes the right course. |
| However, if on ringing the bell, the trainer comes and | | | | Constants |
| cleans the stable up before serving the food, then the | | | | Each action must have a constant result. Therefore, |
| horse will not realize that although the ultimate result of | | | | pulling the rope at the animal's mouth should never be |
| ringing the bell was the food, the cleaning is only an | | | | done to mean for the horse to stop if the first time it |
| interference in the process. Therefore, the animal will | | | | was done by the rider to go forward. Horses don't |
| now relate his ringing the bell with the trainer cleaning | | | | understand mixed signals. |
| the stable. Therefore, he will search for a different | | | | |